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Tuesday, October 10, 2023

The failure of Embodied Cognition (in a nutshell)

     It has taken me many years to learn enough to state outright that using Embodied Cognition as an epistemology is premature and probably wrong. Therefore, all of the work that uses Lakoff and Johnson in the fields of theatre history and performance studies does not dismantle semiotics or theories of mental representation as claimed by McConachie and others.
      The prejudice of the embodied cognition hypothesis is to have never seriously considered, let alone tested and then rejected, an alternative hypothesis about the format of concept representation. And when we look at the type of evidence that one would want to be in place, minimally, to reject the view that concepts are represented in an amodal format, there is no decisive evidence. What would a nonembodied view of concepts predict about sensorimotor activation during conceptual processing? It all depends on one’s theory of activation dynamics— or information exchange— among representationally distinct processes. 
     There are no theories of conceptual processing that deny that activation spreads from concepts to input/output or sensorimotor systems. Therefore, all extant theories that maintain a strict representational separation between concepts and input/output systems would also predict that input/output systems can be active during conceptual processing and that the state of input/ output systems can affect cognition. It is absolutely the case that we would not be compelled to expand theories of amodal concept representation in this way were it not for the many elegant findings that can be referred to collectively as the “phenomena of embodiment.” However, I would argue that phenomena of embodiment actually have nothing to do with whether cognition is embodied. The substantive issue at stake is not whether the format of concepts is modality specific but the dynamics of activation flow in the system. This is not a dour conclusion—it means that the phenomena of embodiment can be repurposed as clues about how abstract concepts interface with the sensorimotor systems.

Sunday, June 11, 2023

Dallas 1963 : Adlai Stevenson attacked a month before JFK assasinated

Today's liberal bashing reminds me of the vocal right-wing effort to discredit and demonize President Kennedy in the early 1960s. One of the leaders of this effort was Edwin Walker, a former World War II general who helped foment riots at the University of Mississippi when the school attempted to integrate by admitting James Meredith in 1962. Walker also ran as a fringe candidate for governor of Texas. Using language similar to the attacks President Donald Trump and his supporters would wage on his political opponents a half century later, Walker declared that civil rights demonstrations in Washington and Texas were “pro-Kennedy, pro-Communist and pro-Socialist.”

A month before JFK was shot in Dallas, remarks by Adlai Stevenson were disrupted by Walker supporters who held American flags upside down (a tactic Walker encouraged), unfurled a banner that replaced the words Welcome Adlai with UN RED FRONT, and tried to drown out Stevenson’s words with noisemakers.

The scene is recounted in masterful and harrowing detail in the book Dallas 1963 by Bill Minutaglio and Steven L. Davis:

As one particularly combative heckler was escorted out, Stevenson called after him: “For my part, I believe in the forgiveness of sin and the redemption of ignorance.”

After the remarks, Stevenson was spit on and one protestor, Cora Lacy Frederickson, began hitting Stevenson with large sign. It read: ADLAI, WHO ELECTED YOU?

Friday, March 17, 2023

Unaccusative verbs and Unergative verbs: Weird language stuff

 In linguistics, an unaccusative verb is an intransitive verb whose grammatical subject is not a semantic agent. In other words, the subject does not actively initiate, or is not actively responsible for, the action expressed by the verb. An unaccusative verb's subject is semantically similar to the direct object of a transitive verb or to the subject of a verb in the passive voice. Examples in English are "the tree fell"; "the window broke". In those sentences, the action (falling, breaking) can be considered as something that happened to the subject, rather than being initiated by it.

Now studies of language acquisition have shown that children learning their first language have no trouble distinguishing between unaccusative verbs and their opposite, unergative verbs, such as run or resign, which describe actions voluntarily initiated by the subject. But the second language presents difficulty in the same kind of semantic recognition.

Tuesday, February 14, 2023

Swing=mc2: when Coltrane smoked a bowl with Einstein (fiction)

 

Swing=mc2

 Einstein stepped out of the stage door into the alley next to the nightclub. The band was breaking before the final set of the night.  Einstein put his pipe in his mouth and patted himself down searching for his lighter.

A match scratched in the still air burst into flame and Einstein leaned his pipe into it, thanking a young black man for the light.

“You’re welcome, Professor Einstein.” said the young man, who was standing next to a tenor saxophone case in the alley.

“Ah, I’m found out!” Einstein sighed with good humor.

“I’m sorry, it isn’t every day that I can light the pipe of a genius.” said the young musician.

“Oh, well.” Einstein said, being sincerely humble. “Genius is nothing special. I think there are more geniuses among us than people realize. Most of them are wasted because they are not recognized and nurtured. Others have bad luck, a few, like me have had good luck…mostly.”

“My name’s John Coltrane.” said the young musician.  “I play tenor saxophone, and I also smoke a pipe.” Trane pulled out his own pipe and lit it casually. Einstein took his pipe out of his mouth and sniffed the air.

“Your tobacco smells like hashish!” said Einstein.

“I’m sorry. I’ll put it out.” said Coltrane moving to dispose of his smoke.

“No!” said Einstein a little too loudly, “I would like to try it!”

“Uh, sir, it’s marijuana, not hashish.”

“I’ve had reefer. Give me pinch of it. I like hashish better though.”

Gravity took Coltrane’s pipe out as his jaw dropped. After an awkward pause, they both laughed.

So, Einstein and John Coltrane smoked out during the break of the Lionel Hampton show.

“If you don’t mind my asking,” said Coltrane hesitantly, “where and when did you try reefer?”

Einstein looked as if he was remembering something in a moment of cannabinoid imagery. Then he snapped out of it and said, “Pardon me, I was just thinking about the alliteration of “where and when.”

“Spacetime.” Said Coltrane in slow motion. He thought of something funny and said, “Didn’t you discover that where and when are the same thing?”

They both laughed more than they would have without the smoke.

“To answer your question, I had reefer years ago in Europe. I met Louis Armstrong there.”

“Understood.” said Coltrane and they both laughed again.

 “Are you in the band?” asked Einstein.

“Yes, briefly. I’m filling in for a sick friend.” Coltrane looked around and asked, “Are you here by yourself Professor?”

“No, I came with Benny Goodman and Bela Bartok to meet Peggy Lee.”

Coltrane choked a little as he gulped at the names in Professor’s entourage.

“Impressive company I know. You know I play a little fiddle. Bartok and Benny came over to play a piece with me, but I didn’t like it. Bartok’s music is too difficult and too modern for me, but I do like most jazz. I find improvisation thrilling.”

Coltrane pinched himself. He realized that he had an opportunity to talk to one of the greatest minds of the century.

“I’m happy that you know about jazz, sir,” said Coltrane, “but I want to ask you about Gravity and Light and Time.”

“For that we’ll need to walk. And I’ll need another pinch of your smoke.”

Einstein and Coltrane walked off during the break at the Lionel Hampton show. Bartok, Benny Goodman, and Peggy Lee were upset that they had lost the great man, not seeing where he went.

Now, believe it or not…. this is where it gets interesting.

“Where did you try your first marijuana, if I may ask?” Said Einstein.

Coltrane thought a moment and said, “I bought it from Chano Pozo, a Cuban player Dizzy brought here from Cuba. He was later gunned down. I felt bad that it might have been an angry customer or another dealer.”

“Well, that was not your fault. What was he doing when he was shot?” Einstein exhaled a piney puff in the cold air.

“Legend has it that he was playing his tune “Manteca” on a juke box just after the record was released. That’s what Dizzy told me was the story going around.” Coltrane wanted to change the subject, but he couldn’t think of how to ask his question about energy and matter being the same thing.

Einstein broke the silence and said, “It must be thrilling to be able to improvise. You know all the great classical composers could improvise. “

“I knew Bach and Beethoven were famous for it, and Mozart too.”

“Exactly. Did you have any formal music training?”

“Not so much, but I was given the chance to play with musicians better than me and I learned most everything from them. I met some of them in the Navy band. I listened to Charlie Parker and Lester Young and tried to figure out what they were doing.” Coltrane stopped himself, thinking that he was talking too much when he had a chance to listen to Albert fucking Einstein.

“Can I ask you one more question about marijuana?” the professor said breaking the brief silence.

“What is it?”

“If I have a good idea while intoxicated on marijuana, am I likely to forget it?” asked Albert fucking Einstein.

Suddenly, the young jazz musician wondered if the pot he shared with the professor might cause the world’s greatest mind to forget a vital thought that might change our view of the universe… again!

“I keep this pad on me, to write down ideas I have when I’m on the road” said Coltrane, “Its’s mostly chord sequences and motifs. I have my own shorthand that I use, the way you would write down formulas.”

“So, have you discovered your E=mc2 yet?” asked Einstein, with a twinkle in both eyes.

Coltrane laughed nervously and then said, “You know more about music than I know about physics, so you might understand this.

Coltrane rifled through his notepad. He showed Einstein this:


 


“The outer ring has a whole tone scale starting from C; the inner one starting on B. The arrangement of the rings is such that movement from one "main" pitch to the next results in the cycle of fourths, or fifths, depending on which direction you go. I wanted to make a set of chord changes in three keys that are equidistant. divide the octave into 3 equal parts, for example in the key of C, the other tonic centers would Ab, and E.” Coltrane, who had begun speaking more rapidly, suddenly remembered who he was talking to and said, “I’m sorry, this is probably boring you.”

“Not at all. I dislike set theory though, and that is what you are doing intuitively. You are just using musical symbols instead of mathematical symbols.” said Einstein after an exhale. “I have a feeling you will find your E=mc2 soon.”

Coltrane beamed. He felt anointed, the way he had felt when Dizzy, Miles or Monk had asked him to join their bands, or when he felt the Holy Spirit move him in church as a child. After another pause filled with walking, smoking and thinking, Coltrane asked Einstein the question that had prompted the walk and the smoke.

“ If Time is the fourth dimension, and space the other three, then spacetime would contain all of time, as well as all the space in the universe. All of space is present in the now. Does that mean that all of time exists at once? Is that a really stupid question.”

Einstein chuckled. “Not at all. It is one my colleague Gödel asks me. You are still doing set theory, which is also his area of research. I don’t have an answer, but Gödel says the only way to resolve the quantum physics with general relativity is if time didn’t exist! “

Coltrane’s mind reeled. “I don’t know anything about quantum physics,”

Einstein laughed, “No one does. I must tell you, I don’t like speaking English so much, and since you are a musician, I would like to hear you speak in that language.”

Coltrane stopped in his tracks. “Do you want me to play for you?”

Einstein said, “Why not? This city is noisy, why not drown it out with some music May I sit on your grip… your instrument case?”

Coltrane hesitated then moved quickly to open his case and assemble his tenor saxophone. When he was ready to play, he said, “I am just going to improvise something. Is that alright or do you have a request?”

Einstein muttered in German and then said, “I want you to play spacetime.”

“Someday maybe,” said Coltrane and he blew the most beautiful melody he could, probably something like "Naima", “Welcome” or “After the Rain.”

Einstein applauded, stood and said, “That was wonderful. We should get back now.”

Coltrane looked at his watch. “I’ve blown this gig already. I’ll walk you back though. Hampton will explode if I come back so late.”

“I’m sorry if I have lost you a job young man.” Said Einstein with genuine concern in his tone.

“It is not a problem. I was just subbing for my friend Sonny. Hamp can’t really fire me because I’m not in his band.”

“Well,” said Einstein and they walked in silence, back through the alley to the club where the Hampton band was in the middle of their second set.

“It has been a pleasure.” Said Einstein.

“Thank you for…this.” Said Coltrane.

“I should thank you. You have inspired me. I have a new idea.  Taking your advice, I will write down on a napkin or something.”

Coltrane tore a page out of his notebook and gave it to Einstein along with a pen. “I wouldn’t want to be responsible for you forgetting it.”

They both laughed and said goodbye. Einstein went back to his friends Benny Goodman, Bela Bartok and Peggy Lee, with the melody Coltrane had improvised in the alley, still playing in his enormous brain.

Coltrane walked to the subway thinking about how no one would believe him if he told this story.

CADENZA

    After the club had closed, a busboy found a torn-off sheet of paper, scribbled with mathematical symbols. Just out of curiosity he kept it.  The next night, he showed it to several of his friends. When he learned that Einstein had been in the club, he realized he might have something the great man needed, or that would be valuable like an autograph, although of course, Einstein didn't sign it.  The famous physicist did not return to find it. It hung in a frame backstage at the club for many years before someone stole it. No one had copied it or taken a photo of the scrap paper that may have been a key to the Unified Theory of Everything. Or it could be nothing, Einstein could have left it not absent-mindedly, but because it wasn't worth remembering. Or, he might have forgotten it completely and struggled for the rest of his life to remember what it was, especially on the rare occasion when he smoked a bowl or heard a saxophonist playing something rhapsodic and powerful.